WITH UNEMPLOYMENT AT a quarter-century high and uncertainty one of the few constants in todays economy, companies across the country face the possibility – or the reality – of layoffs.

Terminating employees either for cause or financial reasons is a difficult task often exacerbated by the specter of legal liability. There are, however, a number of preventive measures employers can take well before it becomes necessary to dismiss an employee – and before deciding to hire a job applicant – that both enhance employee performance and better enable the organization to make rational business decisions when problems arise.

The following are proactive practices for avoiding the employment law courthouse:

1. There is No Such Thing as a Wrongful Discharge, Only a Wrongful Hire. Employers who thoroughly review job applicants and take care in making hiring decisions are better able to select qualified individuals who believe in the companys cultural values and will work hard and stay for the long haul. This involves not only a thoughtful review and analysis of the potential employees prior work history and educational background, but also to ascertain whether an applicant has the ability to make the commitment the company is looking for. Spending time on the intake reduces time spent on the outtake while minimizing liability and maximizing productivity.

2. Double Check Your Documents. Much of the paperwork setting forth both the employers and employees responsibilities is completed early on in the hiring process. The employment contract, for example, describes whether the relationship is at-will or for a definite period of time. These documents are more than just boilerplate and will almost always come into play if there is an employment dispute. If applicable, the parties should negotiate and sign a legally compliant trade-secret, non-compete, and/or non-solicitation agreement. Companies may also consider asking employees to sign a legally enforceable pre-employment arbitration agreement. Employee handbooks should be reviewed periodically to ensure they are up-to-date and accurately reflect the companys policies and expectations.

3. Provide an Orientation. Employees who understand their role in an organization and have an open chain of communication with management are more likely to succeed. Regardless of how much communication takes place during the interview process, the companys expectations for a particular employee should be reiterated and clarified during orientation. During an initial orientation program, companies should also make sure employees understand the employers Equal Employment Opportunity policy and are aware of internal complaint resolution procedures. Employees are less likely to talk to lawyers or go to the EEOC if an issue arises when they know there is an internal procedure for reporting complaints and expressing concerns.

4. Train Your Management. Managers and supervisors are often hired based on their ability to do a particular job rather than their ability to motivate others to do that job. Anyone in an organization cloaked with managerial authority, however, needs to understand the companys fundamental principles and learn to manage effectively. Companies should remind managers that offering positive reinforcement, respecting employees opinions, and treating everyone with respect goes a long way in motivating workers to be productive and committed to the company.

5. Be Honest, Be Consistent. Documents are crucial in litigation. If an employer terminates an employee who never received a negative evaluation for poor performance, it is going to have a lot of explaining to do when faced with a discrimination lawsuit. Though it is often difficult to be critical, evaluations that do not accurately reflect employee performance can doom a company later on. It is also important for companies to consistently follow progressive discipline policies for all employees.

Many business owners and corporate executives – particularly in small companies without complex human resource systems – often delay implementing structured hiring, training and review processes, thinking, I wont get sued if I treat my employees right. It wont happen to me. It is only after the company gets hit with a lawsuit that it begins to proactively protect itself for the future. Planning, however, can save a great deal of time and money and prevent unwanted business distractions.

Michael J. Lotito is a partner at Jackson Lewis LLP. He is one of the nations leading authorities on preventive strategies in the workplace. Lotito has served as lead counsel for some of the countrys largest corporations, developing strategic solutions to labor and employment issues and helping them effectively implement business, legal, and preventive strategies.